Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder defined according to the following criteria below. It is included in the group of anxiety disorders in the DSM-5. Panic disorder should include; sudden and persistent panic attacks and a subsequent experience of anxiety about possible future attacks or experiencing fear of the consequences of this attack or the development of behavioural changes for at least one month. If a person is to be diagnosed with panic disorder, these criteria should be met:
A: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is a sudden wave of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes. At least four of the following symptoms are present during the attack.
NOTE: The sudden onset attack can occur regardless of whether the person feels calm or anxious beforehand.
1. Palpitations, pounding heart or rapid pulse
2. Sweating
3. Trembling or shaking
4. Feeling of breathlessness
5. Feeling of suffocation
6. Pain or discomfort in the chest
7. Nausea or stomach upset.
8. Dizziness, feeling unsteady or faint.
9. Chills or hot flushes
10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling)
11. Derealisation (feeling of unreality) or depersonalisation (feeling like a stranger to oneself)
12. Fear of losing control or 'going crazy'
13. Fear of death
NOTE: Culture-specific symptoms (e.g. tinnitus, neck pain, headache, crying or screaming) may occur. Such symptoms should not be included in the four symptoms required for diagnosis.
B: At least one of the attacks has been accompanied for at least 1 month by one or both of the following:
1. Persistent worry or anxiety about having further attacks or about the consequences of the attacks (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, "going crazy")
2. A significant and maladaptive change in behaviour in response to the attacks (e.g. behaviours aimed at avoiding having panic attacks, such as avoiding physical exertion or unfamiliar situations).
C: The symptoms cannot be attributed to the physiological effects of any substance (e.g. illegal drug or medicine) or any other medical condition (e.g. hyperthyroidism or cardiopulmonary disease).
D: The symptoms are not better explained by any other form of mental illness - e.g. the panic attacks do not occur only in association with feared social situations (as in social anxiety disorder); in association with exposure to bounded phobic objects or situations (as in specific phobia); in association with obsessive thoughts (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); in association with exposure to circumstances reminiscent of traumatic events (as in post-traumatic stress disorder); or in association with having to leave home or an attachment (as in separation anxiety disorder).
MINI-D 5 Diagnostic criteria according to DSM-5, translation Jörgen Herlofson Pilgrim Press AB Stockholm, 2015.
Hasan Durna
What are the symptoms of a panic attack? https://www.aveniasamtal.se/en/post/what-are-the-symptoms-of-a-panic-attack
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